(Homo sapiens)
began about 50,000-80,000 years ago from Africa to Asia.
 |
| courtesy:http://www.politicalforum.com/current-events/ 206817-hints-earlier-human-exit-africa.html |
Toba super-eruption and Indian subcontinent, scientists from India, Britain, USA and Australia in an article in Science of 6 June 2007* have given evidence of modern human (Homo sapiens) presence in south India.
 |
| courtesy:http://www.sciencemag.org/ content/317/5834/114/suppl/DC1 |
They have studied ash buried in India 74,000 years ago, from the Toba super volcanic eruption of Indonesia. Their study site is a place Jwalapuram in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Eruption ashes flew from Indonesia and buried over a wider area of India, 2.5 meters in thickness in Jwalapuram. Age of the deposits were detected from the quartz particles there in. Age of the down most layer of ash deposit is about 77,000 years. This site in southern India shows that local human populations persisted through the cataclysmic Toba volcanic eruption 77,000
years ago.
 |
| courtesy:http://www.sciencemag.org/ content/317/5834/114/suppl/DC1 |
The stone artifacts found in this layer and upper layer, are having similarities. That means, prior and after the Toba Eruption, there is technical similarities in stone artifacts. Apart from that these technicalities are more near to to the stone artifacts of Africa than the Eurasia. Scientists firmly believe that these evidences are the final proof that modern humans (Homo sapiens) were living in India at the time of Toba eruption and they were so capable that they could withstand this large scale environmental catastrophe and survived there after.
Big bang occurred 14,000,000,000 years ago.
Out of 4,500,000,000 years of earth age, we humans have footprints on earth since last 200,000 of years.
We moved from Africa and landed somewhere in Indian sub continent some 77,000 years ago, before adopting different routes for Asia, Europe and America with an average speed of 3 kilomwters per years, setting human colonies at various places.
Since then, ocean has risen up with 100 meters, hardly left are any clues of our movement along the sea coast we traveled by.
Where are those 77,000 years we spent in times past ?
And what is the age of any civilization ?
Where are those 'cultural communities' or 'ages of development' or civilizations
This question most often comes to our mind.
Record of longevity of any known/unknown civilization hardly goes to few hundred or at the most 5 thousand years, with constructing and imaginative links we have to add to with archaeological findings.
Every civilization does have a life span of it's own.
And civilizations come to an end at some point, due some reason, gradually or abruptly.
'Human civilization'
a new perspective
'Universality' is the new phenomenon of this century, more profoundly added to our vocabulary..a new tool for the perspective of all and everything we preserve dear to human, including values; ..a common and only reliable cause for our peaceful existence on this planet we call earth, ..our home !!
A look back to earth by Apollo 11 astronaut, changed our concept as 'earth became our home without borders'.
In this ever expanding (due to Dark Energy) infinite cosmos against the forces of attraction and gravity, our earth is like a particle of dust.
A look at the 'Pale Blue Dot' by Voyager 1 launched in 1977 changed our concept once again, made us more humble, we come to know the universe beyond heliosphere, which is very big, cool and dark
Unseen cosmos is 10 times bigger than the seen cosmos of 'Dark Matter', which is a vital force affecting the movement of even distant stars of the Milky Way.
Other civilizations, beyond our 'human civilization'....
 |
| courtesy:http://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/goldenrec.html |
Self life of Voyager 1 is 1,000,000,000 years.
Who knows, by that time we are lost in the vast darkness of the universe, as we were not here 1,000,000,000 years earlier and earth was not hospitable to our existence then.
Civilizations are lost due to,
1. Supernova i.e. death of a star, once in a billion years of time, harming cosmic rays.
2. Volcanic eruptions, causing volcanic winter (the one like Toba of Indonesiaof of 6–10 years and possibly a 1,000-year-long cooling episode; in which we survived)
3. Asteroid hit, happens only once in 1,000,000 years
4. Pathogens, Columbus took virus which was the reason of many mortality among Red Indians.
5. Eco system changes, which is hard to predict for times deep in future.
6. The one example of Iraq, where crop irrigation system caused the salt deposition in fertile soil gradually, causing to lose it's fertility in due course of time, and human colony deserted the place.
Our Potent protection,
Our intelligence is the only potent weapon of ours to protect this human species from the possible onslaught of any natural or human induced calamity or threat to our existence.
We the travelers,
Sometimes not an answer..
but a silence,
aboriginals saying,
a look at the night sky is all there;
to reward us with the inner peace..
as we need to comprehend the super designs of the higher reaches !!
 |
| pic credit:Kristina Buceatchi |
As an Australian Aboriginal proverb says;
“We are all visitors to this time, this place. We are just passing through. Our purpose here is to observe, to learn, to grow, to love... and then we return home.”
And as per our astronomical understandings;
"All matter is made of atoms that were originally created in the center of stars, so our eyes are actually looking back in time at the very things that created them in the first place when we look up at the night sky."..
We the sons and daughters of star....
There is no annihilation,
We turn in to light,
And light turns in to matter !!
(http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/can-we-manufacture-matter.htm)
*Science 6 July 2007
Vol. 317 no. 5834 pp. 114-116
Report
Middle Paleolithic Assemblages from the Indian Subcontinent Before and After the Toba Super Eruption
Michael Petraglia,
Ravi Korisettar,
Nicole Boivin,
Christopher Clarkson,
Peter Ditchfield,
Sacha Jones,
Jinu Koshy,
Marta Mirazón Lahr,
Clive Oppenheimer,
David Pyle,
Richard Roberts,
Jean-Luc Schwenninger,Lee Arnold,
Kevin White
Abstract
The Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) eruption, which occurred in Indonesia
74,000 years ago, is one of Earth's largest known volcanic
events. The effect of the YTT eruption on
existing populations of humans, and accordingly on the course of human
evolution,
is debated. Here we associate the YTT with
archaeological assemblages at Jwalapuram, in the Jurreru River valley of
southern
India. Broad continuity of Middle Paleolithic
technology across the YTT event suggests that hominins persisted
regionally
across this major eruptive event.(http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5834/114.abstract)
# for pdf download http://www.sciencemag.org/content/317/5834/114/suppl/DC1
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