Quantum Mechanics: Broadly speaking, quantum mechanics incorporates four classes of phenomena for which classical physics can not account:
# The quantization of certain physical properties,
# Wave-particle duality,
# The uncertainty principle,
# Quantum entanglement.
The Wave-Particle Duality: It provides a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter.
The wave-particle duality of energy & matter and the uncertainty principle provides a unified view of the behavior of photons, electrons and other atomic scale objects. Quantum theory states that every particle is everywhere unless the particle is being observed.
An electromagnetic wave such as light could be described as particle-later called the photon-with a discrete quanta of energy that was dependent on it's frequency. This led to a theory of unity between subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves called wave-particle duality in which particle and waves were neither one nor the other, but had certain properties of both.
Albert Einstein's Observation: Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept of empty space loses it's meaning.
Philosophical Interpretations: The Everett many-worlds interpretation, formulated in 1956 holds that all the possibilities described by quantum theory simultaneously occur in a multiverse composed of mostly independent parallel universes. While the multiverse is deterministic, we perceive non-deterministic behavior governed by probabilities, because we can observe only the universe, i.e. the consistent state contribution to the mentioned super position, we inhabit. Everett's interpretation is perfectly consistent with John Bell's experiment and makes them intutively understandable. However, according to the theory of quantum discoherence, the parallel universes will never be accessible to us.
Note:
# Pic 2 from top; Probability densities corresponding to the wavefunctions of an electron in a hydrogen atom possessing definite energy levels and angular momentum.
# Bottom picture; Some trajectories of a harmonic oscillator in a classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
# The quantization of certain physical properties,
# Wave-particle duality,
# The uncertainty principle,
# Quantum entanglement.
The Wave-Particle Duality: It provides a mathematical description of much of the dual particle-like and wave-like behavior and interactions of energy and matter.
The wave-particle duality of energy & matter and the uncertainty principle provides a unified view of the behavior of photons, electrons and other atomic scale objects. Quantum theory states that every particle is everywhere unless the particle is being observed.
An electromagnetic wave such as light could be described as particle-later called the photon-with a discrete quanta of energy that was dependent on it's frequency. This led to a theory of unity between subatomic particles and electromagnetic waves called wave-particle duality in which particle and waves were neither one nor the other, but had certain properties of both.
Albert Einstein's Observation: Physical objects are not in space, but these objects are spatially extended. In this way the concept of empty space loses it's meaning.
Philosophical Interpretations: The Everett many-worlds interpretation, formulated in 1956 holds that all the possibilities described by quantum theory simultaneously occur in a multiverse composed of mostly independent parallel universes. While the multiverse is deterministic, we perceive non-deterministic behavior governed by probabilities, because we can observe only the universe, i.e. the consistent state contribution to the mentioned super position, we inhabit. Everett's interpretation is perfectly consistent with John Bell's experiment and makes them intutively understandable. However, according to the theory of quantum discoherence, the parallel universes will never be accessible to us.
Note:
# Pic 2 from top; Probability densities corresponding to the wavefunctions of an electron in a hydrogen atom possessing definite energy levels and angular momentum.
# Bottom picture; Some trajectories of a harmonic oscillator in a classical mechanics and quantum mechanics.
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