Indian Tectonic Plate: Rich Civilizational Cradle

Pangaea: was a supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras, forming about 300 million years ago and beginning to rift around 200 million years ago, before the component continents were separated into their current configurations. The single global ocean which surrounded Pangaea is accordingly named Panthalassa.

Plate Tectonics: is a scientific theory that describes the large-scale motions of Earth's lithosphere. The theory builds on the concepts of continental drift, developed during the first decades of the 20th century. It was accepted by the geoscientific community after the concepts of seafloor spreading were developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

 The lithosphere is broken up into tectonic plates. On Earth, there are seven or eight major plates (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. Where plates meet, their relative motion determines the type of boundary: convergent, divergent, or transform. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building, and oceanic trench formation occur along these plate boundaries. The lateral relative movement of the plates typically varies from zero to 100 mm annually.

Indian Plate: is a tectonic plate that was originally a part of the ancient continent of Gondwana from which it split off, eventually becoming a major plate. About 55 to 50 million years ago (contested), it fused with the adjacent Australian Plate. It is today part of the major Indo-Australian Plate, and includes most of South Asia and a portion of the basin under the Indian Ocean, including parts of South China and Eastern Indonesia, and extending up to but not including Ladakh, Kohistan and Balochistan.

In the late Cretaceous about 90 million years ago, subsequent to the splitting off from Gondwana of conjoined Madagascar and India, the Indian Plate split from Madagascar. It began moving north, at about 20 centimetres (7.9 in) per year, and is believed to have begun colliding with Asia between 55 and 50 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch of the Cenozoic, 

In 2007, German geologists suggested that the reason the Indian Plate moved so quickly is that it is only half as thick (100 kilometres (62 mi)) as the other plates^[12] which formerly constituted Gondwana. The mantle plume that once broke up Gondwana might also have melted the lower part of the Indian subcontinent, which allowed it to move both faster and further than the other parts.

The collision with the Eurasian Plate along the boundary between India and Nepal formed the orogenic belt that created the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalaya Mountains, as sediment bunched up like earth before a plow.

The Indian Plate is currently moving north-east at 5 centimetres (2.0 in) per year, while the Eurasian Plate is moving north at only 2 centimetres (0.79 in) per year. This is causing the Eurasian Plate to deform, and the India Plate to compress at a rate of 4 millimetres (0.16 in) per year.

Formation Of Himalayas: Geologically, the Himalayas originate from the northward movement of the Indian tectonic plate at 15 cm per year to impact the Eurasian continent, with first contact about 70 million years ago, and with movement continuing today. This caused the formation of the Himalayan arc peaks: the lighter rocks of the seabeds of that time were easily uplifted into mountains. An often-cited fact used to illustrate this process is that the summit of Mount Everest is made of marine limestone.

Himalayan Impact on Climate: The Himalayas have a profound effect on the climate of the Indian subcontinent and the Tibetan plateau. They prevent frigid, dry Arctic winds blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region. The Himalayas are also believed to play an important part in the formation of Central Asian deserts, such as the Taklamakan and Gobi.^[13]

The mountain ranges also prevent western winter disturbances in Iran from traveling further, resulting in snow in Kashmir and rainfall in parts of Punjab and northern India. Despite being a barrier to the cold, northerly winter winds, the Brahmaputra valley receives part of the frigid winds, thus lowering the temperature in the North East India and Bangladesh.

Himalayan Impact On Culture: Some of the world's major rivers, the Ganges, Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Red River (Asia), Xunjiang, Chao Phraya, Irrawaddy River, Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Tarim River and Yellow River, arise in the Himalayas, and their combined drainage basin is home to some 3 billion people (almost half of Earth's population) in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, People's Republic of China, India (almost half of the population of India live within 500 km of the Himalayan range),^{[citation needed]}, Nepal, Burma, Cambodia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia and Pakistan.

Sub Himalayan Plains Became A Fertile Place For Sustaining Rich Human Civilizations To Rise Along The Rivers:

Aryan Civilization:  
Aryan is an English language loanword derived from the Sanskrit ārya ('Noble'). In present-day academia, the terms "Indo-Iranian" and "Indo-European" have, according to many, made most uses of the term 'Aryan' minimal, and 'Aryan' is now mostly limited to its appearance in the term "Indo-Aryan" to represent (speakers of) North, West and Central Indian languages.
"Aryan"  it was used initially as a national name to designate the worshippers of the Hindu deities and especially Indra according to Brahmanical principles (performance of sacrifice, Yajna). The Zend airya 'venerable' and Old Persian ariya are also considered as national names. 

Aryan Civilization a continuity of Indus Valley Civilization: 

1. Similarities between Indus valley civilization and aryan civilization:

1. Indus valley civilization script though not understood till date has symbols such as 'OM' and 'swastika' which are used extensively in vedas. IVC script is actually pre sanskrit script.
2. Worshiping of idols, trees, animals, snakes and animal sacrifices to please gods are found to be common in two civilizations.
3. yoga postures found in vedas and pictures of god in same position found in ruins of IVC are similar.
4. Love for jewellery, bathing in large pool etc.. are still practiced in india today gives weight age to cultural continuance.
5. 2500 archaeological sites of IVC have no literature associated with them which implies ivc transferred their knowledge orally, this form of passing knowledge from one generation to another orally was started more than 10,000 years ago in India

2. Short comings of aryan invasion theory:

1. No aryan homeland outside india was found and also not mentioned in vedas.
2. 3000B.C was period Rig Veda belonged not 1200 B.C as previously predicted according to latest findings. So, Rig veda the basic literature of aryans could not have been present 1800 years before the aryans invaded india. therefore giving light to the cultural continuance of IVC and erroneous theory of aryan invasion.
3. Rig veda also talks about saraswati river, drying of river and continuance of civilization southwards towards indi-gangetic plain. 
4. Satellite image shows ruins of ancient river bed across IVC cities known to be the same saraswati river mentioned in Rig veda which dried up the same time aryans occupied the indo-ganetic plain. This can be taken as conclusive evidence of IVC being migrated to Indo-gangetic plain which later came to be known as aryan civilization. 
5. Max Muller who proposed 'aryan invasion theory' himself acknowledged that indian literature has unique place in history which contradicts his theory that states indian literature was imported by aryans from their homeland in europe.
6. Sanskrit is actually mother of all european languages but the opposite is being spread by vested interests.
7. Indus valley civilization  was the most advanced civilization at that time, it had some of the largest cities in the world at that time and is referred as urban civilization. An advanced civilization being destroyed by a tribe from europe is hard to digest.
8. there are genetic similarities present between today's indians and  Indus valley civilization people.
9. Misinterpretation and Knowingly ignoring the similarities between IVC and aryan civilization to establishing european supremacy.